Black & White Versions Of "Charley He's A Dandy"

Edited by Azizi Powell

In the rare event that any racial demographics are given online for these songs, they are using only attributed to White Americans. That attribution ignores the extensive cross pollination that occurred between Black & White Southern & Appalachian residents regarding dance tunes & songs, play party songs, and minstrel songs.

In 1967 when I first happened upon Thomas W. Talley's 1922 book Negro Folk Songs: Wise & Otherwise, I thought that the inclusion of those songs or rhymes in that book meant that African Americans originally composed all of those examples "from scratch", without those songs being based, inspired by, or were portions of any previously composed song. I now know that that assumption is just as much mistaken as the belief that no Southern or Appalacian American secular dance or play party song was created in whole or in part by Black Americans. "Charlie's A Dandy" is an example of a Southern & Appalachian play party song that has both Black versions & White versions.

"Charley He's A Dandy" is an alternative title for play party songs that may be most often known as "Weevily Wheat". Those songs are also known as "Four In The Middle", "Fly Around My Pretty Little Miss”, "Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees", and "Over The River (or "The Water") To Charley".

Links to some other pancocojams posts about those songs are found in the Related Links section below.

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, historical, and recreational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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TEXT EXAMPLES OF "CHARLEY'S HE'S A DANDY" SONGS
Example #1:
From http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27195/27195-h/27195-h.htm electronic book version of Thomas W. Talley's 1922 book Negro Folk Rhymes [pages 84-85]

HE LOVES SUGAR AND TEA
Mistah Buster, he loves sugar an' tea.
Mistah Buster, he loves candy.
Mistah Buster, he's a Jim-dandy!
He can swing dem gals so handy.

Charlie's up an' Charlie's down.
Charlie's fine an' dandy.
Ev'ry time he goes to town,
He gits dem gals stick candy.

Dat N***ah, he love sugar an' tea.
Dat N***ah love dat candy.
Fine N***ah He can wheel 'em 'round,
An' swing dem ladies handy.

Mistah Sambo, he love sugar an' tea.
Mistah Sambo love his candy.
Mistah Sambo; he's dat han'some man
What goes wid sister Mandy.
-snip-
Editor's comments
The n word
What is now known as "the n word" was fully spelled out in this example.
**
"jim-dandy"
From http://www.thefreedictionary.com/jim-dandy
"One that is very pleasing or excellent of its kind.
Jim (nickname for James) + dandy."

From http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jim-dandy
"Jim-dandy! First Known Use: 1887: something excellent of its kind"

Simply put, using contemporary African American colloquialism, a "dandy" is a "sharp dresser", a man who is very attentive to fashion.

I wonder if this word came from the 1843 minstrel song “Dandy Jim from Caroline”. Click http://www.pdmusic.org/1800s/43djoc.txt for lyrics for that song. WARNING: Lyrics Include a form of the n word.

Note that the word "jim dandy" and the name Dandy Jim probably influenced the title of 1960s R&B Jim Dandy songs such as "Jim Dandy To The Rescue". However, the characterization of the "Jim Dandy" in those 1960s songs is different from the older characterizations.

**
The phrase "He likes (or "loves") sugar & tea" lives on in the children's singing game "Here's Stands A Bluebird". However, my sense is that, like most other singing games since at least the 1970s, "Here Stands A Blue Bird" is usually taught and performed in school music classes or other school classes and isn't self-initiated by children.

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Example #2:
From http://mudcat.org/thread.cfm?threadid=97222
"Origins: Weevily Wheat"

CHARLIE'S SWEET
From EFFSA Cecil Sharp
Sung by Mrs. Laura V. Donald
Dewy Va. June 10, 1918

As I come over we trip together,
It's in the morning early.
Heart and hand I give to thee,
So true I love thee dearly.

I won't have none of your weavil wheat,
And I won't have none of your barley.
Give to me the good old wheat,
To bake a cake for Charlie.

Charlie he's a nice young man,
Charlie he's a dandy.
Charlie he's the very one
That sold his daddy's brandy.

I've got a sweet little wife,
A wife of my own choosing.
Hug her neat and kiss her sweet,
And no more go a-courting.
-snip-
Editor's note:
"Trip together" probably means "skip together".

A number of other lyrics of this song are found on that Mudcat discussion thread.

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Example #3:
From http://www.bluegrassmessengers.com/coffee-grows-on-white-oak-trees.aspx [No date given]

FOUR IN THE MIDDLE; COFFEE GROWS ON WHITE OAK TREES
Sung by: Emma Puterbaugh Medlin
Listen: http://web.lyon.edu/wolfcollection/songs/medlincoffee1261.mp3

Coffee grows on white oak trees,
The river flows with brandy o’er.
Go choose you one to roam with you,
As sweet as sugar and candy, too.
Rally-ally-um-bum, sugar and tea.
Rally-ally-um-bum, candy.
Rally-ally-um-bum, sugar and tea,
Swing your little miss so handy.
Handy, handy, handy
Candy, candy, candy.

NOTES [from that link] : This is part of the large Western Country family of songs that includes “Fly Around My Pretty Little Miss," "Four in the Middle" and “Wheevily Wheat.” The versions from Wolf Folklore collected in the 1950s and 1960s are listed Coffee Grows (Four in the Middle) showing the relationship with the play-party song "Four in the Middle." Also found in Randolph, Vol. III, #524, "Four in the Middle"; Brown, Vol. III, #78, "Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees." Randolph's Ozark version gives the tune as "Skip to My Lou."..."

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FEATURED SOUND FILE
Ray Heatherton - Weevily Wheat



boyjohn, Uploaded on Sep 3, 2010

From the Playtime records 78 rpm #369.
-snip-
"Weevily wheat" means wheat that has weevils in it.

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RELATED LINK
Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/08/coffee-grows-on-white-oak-trees-four-in.html

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Thanks to the composers of these featured songs & thanks to those who collected them. Thanks also to those who are quoted in this post.

Thanks for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

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Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees (Four In The Middle), examples & comments

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part I of a two part series of posts on the song "Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees" (also known as "Four In The Middle").
This post presents information about & examples of those songs.

Part II presents an example of and comments about a parody of "Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees". That parody is entitled "Coffee Grows On White Folks Trees" and is found in Thomas W. Talley's 1922 collection Negro Folk Rhymes: Wise & Otherwise.

Part I is a companion piece to http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/08/examples-of-dance-josey-cant-dance.html and
http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/08/chicken-in-fence-post-information-lyrics.html

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, historical, and recreational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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GENERAL OVERVIEW OF "COFFEE GROWS ON WHITE OAK TREES"
"Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees" ("CGOWOT") is a 19th century American play party song that -given its YouTube entries- appears to be quite popular not only as a fiddle tune but as a song sung by high school and other chamber choirs.

The play party song "Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees" is also known as "Four In The Middle" and "Fly Around My Pretty Little Miss” among other titles. Those titles are derived from lyrics found in those songs. Verses from "Coffee Grows On White Oak", including the verse that contains those particular lyrics, are also found in other play party songs.

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WHAT THE WORDS "COFFEE GROWS ON WHITE OAK TREES" MEAN
During my research on this song, I came across an online comment which explained the meaning of the words "Coffee grows on white oak trees". Unfortunately, I can't find that website. However, I recall that the author indicated that those words referred to the use by Southerners of acorns from White Oak trees as a substitute for coffee during the Civil War. That acorns from White Oak trees could be used that way is confirmed by this quote which I later came across:

"Processing Wild Acorns as Food
...Ground and roasted white oak acorns made a good coffee substitute and was used by the pioneers for just such a purpose. Though they taste like coffee, they lack caffeine, so you can drink till your hearts content and not get the coffee jitters. White oak acorns are much lower in tannin and thus more desirable.”
http://syzygyastro.hubpages.com/hub/Wild-Acorns-as-Food

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GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT PLAY PARTY SONGS
From http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/lhf01
Texas State Historical Association – Folk Music
"...Another folk song-and-dance tradition is the play party. Many early Texas settlers were fundamentalists who believed that dancing and fiddle music were sinful. They satisfied the universal urge to move to music with the play party, which was song-accompanied dance that allowed no instruments. They called their rhythmical group movements "marches" or "games," they danced in rings or in longways formations but never in squares, and they swung each other by hand, never by the waist. They used many popular dance tunes—"Old Clark," "Old Dan Tucker," "The Gal I Left Behind Me," "Willis in the Ballroom"—but because of the lack of instrumental music, the words became all-important. Play-party songs have preserved many stanzas that were lost in the fiddle-dance tradition. A play party usually began with a choosing game such as "Needle's Eye" or "Hog Drovers," then progressed to ring-game songs like "Saro Jane" or "Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees," and in full swing went into longways dances like "Weevily Wheat," "Little Brass Wagon," and "Baltimore." Play parties were not only popular among fundamentalists; they were necessary when no musician was around. In spite of the reservations laid on the players by their elders, play-party songs and formations were just as joyful and exuberant as their sinful fiddling square-dance counterparts."
-snip-
Note that some versions of "Weevily Wheat” include “Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees” verses.

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TEXT EXAMPLES OF "COFFEE GROWS ON WHITE OAK TREES" (FOUR IN THE MIDDLE)
A number of play party versions of "Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees”/"Four In The Middle" can be found online. Here are two examples with performance instructions. (Remember that performance instructions for this song may vary among examples.)

Text Example #1: Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees
From http://www.ibiblio.org/jimmy/folkden-wp/?p=6920
Roger McGuinn - In The Folk Tradition
Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees [includes musical notations]

"This is a Southwestern play-party song. Play party songs were designed to protect young people from the evil business of square dancing. Any number of couples would join hands and form a ring. The ladies would march around a single man and sing the first part of the song at a slow tempo. The man would chose a partner from the ring and the dancers would skip around them singing 'Two in the middle and I can't dance Josie.' This would continue until all couples were In the center. They would swing left and Right.

Lyrics:

[D] Coffee grows on white [Bm] Oak trees
[D] The river flows with [Em] brandy �O[A]
[D] Go choose someone to [Bm] roam with you
[Em] Sweet as lasses [A] candy O
[D] Two in the middle and I [Bm] can't dance Josie
[D] Two in the middle and I [C] can't get [A] around
[D] Two in the middle and I [Bm] can't dance Josie
[G] Hello [A] Susan [D] Brown

Four in the middle and I can't dance Josie
Four in the middle and I can't get around
Four in the middle and I can't dance Josie
Hello Susan Brown

[D] Railroad, [F#m] steamboat, [Bm] river and [G] canal
I lost my [Em] true love on that [A] ragin� canal [D]
[D] O she's gone, gone, gone,
O she's gone, gone, gone, [A]
O she's gone on that ragin' [D] canal (X2)

Fiddler's drunk and I can't dance Josie
Fiddler's drunk and I can't get around
Fiddler�s drunk and I can't dance Josie
Hello Susan Brown

Cow in the well and can't jump Josie
Cow in the well and can't get around
Cow in the well and can't jump Josie
Hello Susan Brown

Railroad, steamboat, river and canal
I lost my true love on that ragin' canal
O she's gone, gone, gone,
O she's gone, gone, gone,
O she's gone on that ragin' canal
(X2)

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Text Example #2: FOUR IN THE MIDDLE
From http://web.lyon.edu/wolfcollection/songs/escuecoffee1242.html

Sung by: Jack Escue
Recorded in Sidney, AR 8/30/57


Coffee grows on a white oak tree,
River flows with brandy,
Choose you one as we go out,
Sweet as 'lasses candy.

There's four in the middle,
And you'd better get around.
There's four in the middle,
And you'd better get around.
There's four in the middle
And you'd better get around,
For I love my Susie Brown.

Six in the middle,
And you'd better get around.
There's six in the middle
And you'd better get around.
Six in the middle
And you'd better get around,
For I love my Susie Brown.

Now we're all in the middle,
And you'd better get around.
We're all in the middle
And you'd better get around.
We're all in the middle
And you'd better get around,
For I love my Susie Brown.

(Mr. Escue: "In this sing and play, they're all around a circle. They're going 'round and 'round and there's a extra boy and a girl in the center of the ring, and when it comes to choose your partner, why, each one of them chooses another boy and another girl, and they swing by the right, and back by the left, and on around. And then another couple joins in when it says six in the middle and they do the same thing. Swing them by the right and then back by the left, and then when you sing all in the middle, that means all eight is in there a-swinging with the right and then with the left. And that's the way you do that.")

Also found in Randolph, Vol. III, #524, "Four in the Middle"; Brown, Vol. III, #78, "Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees."

Click http://web.lyon.edu/wolfcollection/songs/escuecoffee1242.mp3 for this recording.

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FEATURED VIDEO EXAMPLES (Choir Renditions)

Video Example #1: Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees - MacDowell Male Chorus



Allen Blodgett, Published on Apr 30, 2012

The MacDowell Male Chorus of Appleton, WI performs Edwin Earie Ferguson's arrangement of "Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees." Our soloist is Ron Steudel, director Herb Berendsen (youtube.com/berendsenherb), and pianist John Riehle.
-snip-
"Two in the middle" lyrics begin at 1:11 of this video.

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Video Example #2: Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees



David Fazzini, Published on May 2, 2013

2013 Notre Dame Prep High School Women's Ensemble sings Coffee Grows on White Oak Trees arranged by William R. Fischer. This was recorded at State Festival in the Rochester High school auditorium. The chorus earned an excellent rating with this performance. David Fazzini (director), Jessica Zelinski (accompanist)

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EDITOR COMMENT
In the rare event that any racial demographics are given online for "Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees" ("Four In The Middle"), those songs are usually only attributed to White Americans. That attribution ignores the extensive cross pollination that occurred between Black & White Southern & Appalachian residents regarding dance tunes & songs, play party songs, and minstrel songs. With regard to the song that is the focus of this post, the fact that African American folklorist Thomas W. Tally included a parody of "Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees" [whose title is "Coffee Grows On White Folks' Trees"] in his 1922 collection of Negro Folk Songs serves as documentation that Black folks knew that "CGOWOT" song.

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BONUS VIDEO
Here's a video of a related folk song entitled "Weevily Wheat":
140 0818 [Weevily Wheat/Four In The Middle]



vanvalinv, Published on Dec 3, 2012

This song should be done in groups of four people. For the Weevily Wheat part of the song, you can hold hands and swing them, OR hold hands and walk in a circle going left, then right. For the multiplication part of the song, you pile hands on top of each other then release from the bottom of the pile.
-snip-
This rendition of "Weevily Wheat" shows why that song is sometimes also called "Four In The Middle".

Click http://mudcat.org/thread.cfm?threadid=97222
"Origins: Weevily Wheat" for a discussion about "Weevily Wheat"/"Four In The Middle" songs. Some of those songs include the "Coffee Grows On White Oak Trees" verse. Here's an excerpt from one of those comments which was posted by Goose Gander, 15 Dec 06 - 08:28 PM :

"Amzie Casner Tabor of Trinidad, Colorado, remembered this from around 1900 as a dance like a Virginia reel to teach children their multiplication tables." [then includes the lyrics]
-snip-
This and another comment on that discussion thread imply that
the multiplication lyrics were a later addition on to that song.

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Thanks to the composers & collectors of these featured songs. Thanks also to those who are quoted in this post, those who are featured in these videos, and those who published these videeos on YouTube.

Thanks for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

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Chicken On The Fence Post (information & lyrics)

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part II of a two part series of 19th songs that include the phrase "dance Josey" or "can't dance Josey".

This post focuses on the play party song "Chicken On The Fencepost".

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/08/examples-of-dance-josey-cant-dance.html for Part I of this series. That post focuses on the songs "Hello Susan Brown", "Hold My Mule" and several other songs.

The content of this post is provided for folkloric, recreational, and aesthetic purposes.

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BACKGROUND OF THE "CHICKEN IN THE FENCE POST" PLAY PARTY SONG
"Chicken In The Fence Post" is lifted from the 19th century couples' dance (reel) that is known as "Hello Susan Brown", "Four In The Middle" and other titles. All of those songs -including "Chicken In The Fence Post" are likely of African American origin.

Here's information about those dances from http://www.fieldrecorder.com/docs/notes/playparty_owens.htm
Play-Party Songs and Dances in Texas

From Bill Owens "Tell Me a Story, Sing Me a Song"
"...In parts of Texas "Dance Josey" became so popular that play-parties are still remembered as "them old Josey parties." The song was easily adapted to the place, the time, the dancers, or the need for a laugh:

Chicken on the fence post, can't dance Josey;
Chicken on the fence post, can't dance Joe;
Chicken on the fence post, can't dance Josey;
Hello Susan Brown ee o.

Hold my mule while I dance Josey, Etc.

Big foot Charlie can't dance Josey, Etc"

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FEATURED VIDEO: Chicken On a Fencepost



Anthony Meehl, Published on Oct 13, 2012
-snip-
How that game is played in this video:
Children form two circles, one inside of the other. Children in each circle hold hands with the person on either side of them. Each circle moves in the opposite direction. Two people outside of the outer circle run around to outer circle moving in opposite directions.

At the end of the word “brownie-“o”, all of the people forming both of the circles race their linked hands up in the air forming an arch. Both of the two people who were outside the two circles tries to get in the second circle before the other one. When one of those people gets in that circle, the game begins again.

Note: I'm unsure what the winner & loser do. Perhaps they both join that second circle which means that circle would become larger than the first circle.

The second circle makes sense, given the "four in the middle" lyrics for early versions of this song.
-snip-
Another version of the "Chicken In The Fence Post" play party song can be found at http://abbottmusic.blogspot.com/2013/02/chicken-on-fencepost.html
"2 concentric circles w/ two “foxes” on outside.

Teacher chooses 1 “gate” in each of the circles. Rubber chicken is placed in the inside circle.

Gates are closed. Foxes may watch now. Both circles sing while moving in opposite directions. On the “o” of Brownie-o” the 2 gates open forming a maze in which foxes race to grab the chicken from the middle of the center circle.
-snip-
Notice the addition of a "rubber chicken placed on the inside of the circle (ring). It seems to me that using that type of prop is an unneccessary substitute for children developing & using their imagination.

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Editor Notes:
The word “Brownie-o” appears to be a contemporary, rhythmical revision of the earlier form of that last name. It's likely that "Brown" was originally used as a reference for a Black woman as was the case with the Jamaican & American sea shanties "Sally Brown". Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2012/04/sally-brown-sally-sue-brown-sea-shanty.html for information about and examples of "Sally Brown".

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Thanks to all those who composed these songs. Thanks to those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to the publisher of this video on YouTube and thanks to those who are featured in that video.

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Visitor comments are welcome.

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Examples of "Dance Josey" & "Can't Dance Josey" Songs

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part I of a two part series of 19th songs that include the phrase "dance Josey" or "can't dance Josey".

Part I provides lyrics for a song that begins with the verse "Git your partner if you want’er dance Josey". Other songs mentioned in this post are "Hello Susan Brown", "Four in the Middle" (also known as "Two In The Middle"), and "Hold My Mule ("Jim Along Josie"). The song "Raging Canal" is also briefly mentioned in this post.

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/08/chicken-in-fence-post-information-lyrics.html for Part II of this series. Part II focuses on the play party song "Chicken On The Fencepost" which also includes the words "can't dance Josey".

The content of this post is provided for folkloric, recreational, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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INFORMATION ABOUT "DANCING JOSEY"
A number of 19th century American [United States] songs sung or called out while couples danced reels include the words "dance Josey" or "can't dance Josey".

Information about one way that "Josey" was danced is found in this excerpt from Round the Levee by Stith Thompson; 1916 (page 12)
"An elaboration of this form is found in several games which, while varying in figures, are related by having plans for changing partners. In “Josey”, the leading couple take the first couple to the right into the middle of the ring, and the four dance or march through the entire song. The first couple retire, and others take their place as the game continues.

Git your partner if you want’er dance Josey
Git your partner if you want’er dance Josey
Git your partner if you want’er dance Josey
Oh law, Susan Brown (or “Susie Gal” or “Miss Susan Brown”) (Partners swing left and right)

Hold my mule while I dance Josey etc. (Right and left circle)

Number nine can’t dance Josey etc (Swing right and left)
Wouldn't give a nickle if I couldn't dance Josey, etc.

Fiddler's drunk, and he can't dance Josey, etc.

Back step a little if you can't dance Josey, etc.

Git out of the ring if you can’t dance Josey etc

Usually sung for the last couple in the ring.
-snip-
"Oh law" means "Oh Lord".

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"HELLO SUSAN BROWN", "FOUR IN THE MIDDLE", AND "RAGING CANAL"
Here are three comments from http://mudcat.org/thread.cfm?threadid=29975 about certain songs that include the "can't dance Josey" lyrics:

"Subject: RE: Origin: Four in the Middle
From:Richie
Date: 27 Feb 09 - 10:29 AM

Hi,

It seems clear that "Raging Canoe" is a mishearing of "Raging Canal."

The 1844 minstrel comic song "Raging Canal" was very popular in the 1800s. This song is clearly a different song and that the title has appeared as a lyric in the "Four in the Middle" songs."
-snip-
Subject: RE: Lyr Req: railroad steamroad river and canal
From:folk1234
Date: 26 Jan 01 - 09:19 AM

Your right Stewie. It was done by the CMT, before Chad left in the mid-60s. As with many songs they did, they modified the lyrics and tune to fit their truly unique vocal style. They made it much better.
-snip-
Subject: Lyr Add: HELLO SUSAN BROWN (f/Chad Mitchell Trio)
From:Stewie
Date: 28 Jan 01 - 02:59 AM

Thanks folk1234. I have found it. It's on a 1962 live recording by the Chad Mitchell Trio - 'At the Bitter End' Kapp Records PK 6002. They recorded it under the title 'Hello Susan Brown' arranged and adapted by Milt Okun. The lyrics are similar to 'Ragin' Canal (Two in the Middle)' in the DT as pointed to by Dick.
Coffee grows on white oak tree etc
Two in the middle and I can't dance Josie
Two in the middle and I can't get around
Two in the middle and I can't dance Josie
Hello Susan Brown

Railroad, steamboat river and canal
I lost my true love on that ragin' canal
She's gone gone gone
And she's gone gone gone
She's gone for to stay on that ragin' canal
Four in the middle etc
Fiddle in the middle etc
Wheel around, turn around etc
Coffee grows on white oak tree etc
-snip-
"Wheel around" means "to spin around".
-snip-
Click http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4wxJG-98QA for a video of the Chad Mitchell Trio singing "Hello Susan Brown". That song begins at 6:16 of that video.

Also, click http://www.songlyrics.com/chad-mitchell-trio/hello-susan-brown-lyrics/ for lyrics to the Chad Mitchell Trio version of "Hello Susan Brown".

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HOLD MY MULE (JIM ALONG JOSEY)
From "On The Trail Of Negro Folk Songs" edited by Dorothy Scarborough, Publisher: Cambridge, [Mass.] : Harvard University Press, 1925 [pages 105-106]

Hold my mule while I dance Josey
Hold my mule while I dance Josey
Oh, Miss Susan Brown.

Wouldn't give a nickel if I couldn't dance Josey
Wouldn't give a nickel if I couldn't dance Josey
Oh, Miss Susan Brown

Had a glass of buttermilk and I danced Josey
Had a glass of buttermilk and I danced Josey
Oh, Miss Susan Brown
-snip-
This song and the other "Jim Along Josey" songs are given in the section for "dance songs and reels". The author wrote that "Hold My Mule" was "danced like the Virgina Reel".

Click http://mudcat.org/thread.cfm?threadid=52464#1233225 for my comments about the different meanings of the word "josey".

Click http://www.cocojams.com/content/african-american-secular-slave-songs for another variant of "Jim Along Josie" that was collected by Dorothy Scarborough.

And click http://www.fresnostate.edu/folklore/ballads/R575.html for information about "Jim Along Josie".
WARNING: What is now known as the n word is fully spelled out on this page.

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Thanks to the unknown composers of these songs. Thanks also to the folklorists who collected these songs and all those who are quoted in this post.

Thanks for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

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